仪器法与纸片协同法检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶的结果比较
【摘要】 目的 了解VITEK-AMS 检测大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)的可靠性,并调查本院这两种菌的产ESBLs情况。方法 用VITEK-AMS专用药敏卡GNS-506进行ESBLs检测,并以头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶和氨曲南为底物,用纸片协同试验作对照。结果 仪器检测 48株肺炎克雷伯菌中有24株ESBLs为阳性,用纸片协同法对照结果一致。检测102株大肠埃希菌中,仪器检出41株阳性,纸片协同法对照也为阳性,但仪器检测的61株阴性菌中,纸片协同法对照有19株为阳性。结论 VITEK-AMS检测本地区产ESBLs菌株尚可能存在一定的局限性,建议各地根据感染菌株的特点及三代头孢菌素的使用情况,用多种底物检测 ESBLs。 Detection of extended-spectrum-β-lactamases with VITEK-AMS and double-disk synergy test
ZHOU Tieli DAI Meijie CHI Shengying
(Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China)
【Abstract】 Objectives To investigate the reliability of VITEK-AMS for the detection of strains of E.coil and K.pneumoniae that produce ESBLs, and to determine the prevalence in our hospital of the two strains producing ESBLs.Method VITEK GNS-506 was used to detect ESBLs, and was compared with double-disk synergy test. Results Among 48 strains of K.pneumoniase detected using VITEK GNS-506, 24 strains were found to be ESBLs positive, and 24 strains ESBLs negative. The result was consistent with that of double-disk synergy test. Among 102 strains of E.coli detected using VITEK GNS-506, 41 strains were found to be ESBLs positive. The result was consistent with that of double-disk synergy tests. 61 strains were found to be ESBLs negative detected using VITEK GNS-506. Among them, 19 strains were found to be ESBLs positive.Conclusion Detection ESBLs using VITEK-AMS has some limitations in our area. Simple and reliable method should be used more with indicates for detection of ESBLs suitable for routine screening.
【Key words】 beta-lactamases;Escheri chia coli;Klebsiella pneumoniae
自1983年德国首次报道产超广谱β -内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的臭鼻克雷伯菌以后,国内外不断有ESBLs流行情况的报道[1,2],由于ESBLs可通过质粒传递给其他细菌,易造成医院感染的暴发流行,成为革兰阴性菌耐药的最危险因素之一。因此,临床微生物实验室选择简便、可靠的方法检测产ESBLs的菌株非常重要。近年来,越来越多的医院引进了VITEK-AMS,其专用药敏卡可以检测产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌,我们就VITEK-AMS对ESBLs的检测与纸片协同试验结果作一比较,现报道如下。
材料和方法一、材料
1.菌株来源:为我院1999年6~12月临床分离的菌株,其中大肠埃希菌102株,肺炎克雷伯菌48株。
2.仪器和试剂:细菌鉴定和药敏试验使用生物梅里埃公司的VITEK-AMS,鉴定卡为GNI+,药敏卡为GNS-506,均为生物梅里埃公司产品。
3.药敏纸片:头孢噻肟(30 μg),头孢他啶(30 μg),氨曲南(30 μg),购自浙江省军区后勤检疫所;头孢曲松(30 μg),阿莫西林 /棒酸(奥格门汀 20 μg/10 μg),购自生物梅里埃公司。
4.MH琼脂:购自浙江省军区后勤检疫所。
二、方法
1.细菌培养和鉴定:细菌分离培养按照《全国临床检验操作规程》进行,用VITEK-AMS专用卡GNI+鉴定结果。
2.VITEK-AMS检测ESBLs:采用GNS-506专用药敏卡,严格按说明书操作,在仪器专家系统的判断下,自动给出被测菌是否为产ESBLs菌株。
3.纸片协同试验:按文献报道[2,4]操作和判断结果。
结果1.用VITEK—AMS与纸片协同试验两种方法检测大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷菌产ESBLs情况,结果表明,仪器检测的48株肺炎克雷伯菌中,24株显示ESBLs阳性,用纸片法检测也为阳性,两者结果一致;仪器检测的102株大肠埃希菌中,41株显示ESBLs阳性,纸片法也为阳性;而61株仪器报告ESBLs阴性菌株中,用纸片法检测19株为阳性,42株为阴性。
2.药敏试验结果:纸片协同试验检测为ESBLs阳性的60株大肠埃希菌对4种底物的耐药性比较见表1。
表1 纸片协同法检测为ESBLs阳性的60株大肠埃希菌
对4种底物的耐药性比较
| 抗生素 | 仪器法阳性 (41株) | 仪器法阴性 (19株) | χ2 | P值 | ||||
| R | I | S | R | I | S | |||
| 头孢噻肟 | 25 | 15 | 1 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 5.02 | <0.05 |
| 头孢他啶 | 4 | 1 | 36 | 3 | 4 | 12 | <3.84 | >0.05 |
| 氨曲南 | 7 | 21 | 13 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 15.4 | <0.005 |
| 头孢曲松 | 33 | 6 | 2 | 16 | 3 | 0 | <3.84 | >0.05 |
