三种方法检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶敏感性比较
XU Yingchun*, JIN Yan, WANG Peng, et al.
* Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730
【Abstract 】 Objective To compare the sensitivity of three methods for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) produced by E. coli and K. pneumoniae.Methods Fourteen strains of E. coli and 6 strains of K. pneumoniae suspiciously produced ESBLs detected by a disc diffusion screen test among 73 E. coli and K.pneumoniae clinical isolates. A disc diffusion confirmatory test, Etest, and a double-disc synergy test detected these 20 strains.Results All of the 20 strains were ESBLs-producing strains by cefotaxime and cefotaxime-clavulanic acid of the disc diffusion confirmatory test, but there were 12 ESBLs-positive strains among 13 suspicious ESBLs-producing strains tested by ceftazidime and ceftazidime-clavulanic acid. Among the 20 strains, 12 ESBLs-producing strains were detected by Etest with ceftazidime and ceftazidime-clavulanic acid. All of the 20 strains were ESBLs positive by double-disc synergy test with cefotaxime, but only 14 were the ESBLs-positive with ceftazidime.Conclusion Among the three methods, the sensitivity of cefotaxime was higher than that of ceftazidime.
【Key words 】 beta-lactamases Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae
超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)主要是质粒介导的,它们很容易引起医院感染的暴发流行,所涉菌株常多重耐药。因此实验室能否及时准确检测出产ESBLs的细菌已成为目前细菌室的重要任务之一[1,2]。我们应用即纸片扩散初筛法选出可疑产ESBLs的14株大肠埃希菌和6株肺炎克雷伯菌,再用纸片扩散确证法、浓度梯度法(Etest法)和双纸片协同法同时检测比较其敏感性。
材料和方法 一、材料1.菌株:系1999年1~3月从住院患者中分离的73株大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌参与ESBLs检测研究。按1999年1月版美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS,M100-S9)推荐的纸片扩散初筛法超广谱β-内酰胺酶试验指南[3]进行,当受试菌对头孢噻肟纸片(30 μg/片,Oxoid产品)的抑菌环直径≤27 mm或头孢他啶纸片(30 μg/片,Oxoid产品)的抑菌环直径≤22 mm时,视为产ESBLs可疑株,结果筛出可疑产ESBLs的14株大肠埃希菌和6株肺炎克雷伯菌。菌株均采用法国生物梅里埃公司VITEK GNI试卡鉴定确认。
2.药敏用培养基:Mueller-Hinton琼脂(英国OXOID公司产品 )。
二、方法1.纸片扩散确证法:按1999年1月NCCLS推荐的标准纸片扩散确证法测定ESBLs指南进行[3],采用头孢他啶(caz,30 μg)及头孢他啶/克拉维酸(cazl,30 μg/10 μg)组合,头孢噻肟(ctx,30 μg)及头孢噻肟/克拉维酸(ctxl,30 μg/10 μg)组合,任一组药物的抑菌环的直径差≥5 mm时,判定为ESBLs阳性株。cazl和ctxl纸片系按NCCLS规定程序本室自制。制成的纸片应在30分钟内干燥,并立即使用。
2.Etest法:头孢他啶和头孢他啶-克拉维酸Etest复合试条系瑞典AB Biodisk公司产品,按厂家检测说明书进行,当头孢他啶与头孢他啶-克拉维酸的最小抑菌浓度比值≥8倍时,判定为ESBLs阳性株。
3.双纸片协同法:参考 Jarlier等[4]推荐的方法进行,将替卡西林-克拉维酸纸片置于头孢他啶和头孢噻肟之间,使两纸片中心间距为25 mm,如果在替卡西林-克拉维酸与任何一种纸片间出现协同抑菌现象,视为产ESBLs株。
